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Morning Digest: Wisconsin Assembly approves plan to curb unions

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02/25/2011
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LATEST NEWS
Wisconsin Assembly approves plan to curb unions
MADISON, Wisconsin (Reuters) - The Wisconsin state Assembly on Friday passed a Republican plan to curb public sector union power over the fierce objections of protesters, setting the stage for a showdown with Senate Democrats who fled the state last week to prevent a vote in that chamber. | Full Article
U.N. Security Council to meet, Libya hands out cash
February 25, 2011 05:35 AM ET
BENGHAZI, Libya (Reuters) - The U.N. Security Council was to meet on Friday to discuss a draft proposal for sanctions against Libyan leaders locked in a bloody battle for survival against a popular uprising. | Full Article
Wall St futures point to higher open for stocks
February 25, 2011 05:20 AM ET
LONDON (Reuters) -U.S. stock index futures pointed to a higher open for Wall Street on Friday, adding to a late rebound in the previous session, with futures for the S&P 500, for the Dow Jones industrial average and for the Nasdaq up 0.5 to 0.7 percent by 5.02 a.m. EST. | Full Article
Tweeting moms, Web cams. Oscar gets geeky
February 24, 2011 06:20 PM ET
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - When Oscar organizers unveiled their promotional campaign, "You're Invited," they weren't kidding -- at least where Web audiences are concerned. | Full Article
Shuttle Discovery soars into space one last time
February 24, 2011 08:20 PM ET
CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida (Reuters) - Space shuttle Discovery blasted off for the last time Thursday, carrying six astronauts and carting a load of supplies, spare parts and a robot for the International Space Station. | Full Article
Bulls charge past Heat with third-quarter surge
February 25, 2011 01:25 AM ET
CHICAGO (Reuters) - The Chicago Bulls staged a big third-quarter rally to help seal a 93-89 win over the Miami Heat on Thursday in a tight battle between two of the leading teams in the Eastern Conference. | Full Article
CBS axes "Two and a Half Men" after Sheen insults
February 24, 2011 10:38 PM ET
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Television network CBS on Thursday canceled production of its top-rated comedy "Two and A Half Men" for the rest of the season after star Charlie Sheen unleashed an expletive-filled attack on the show's producer. | Full Article
Parisian luxury hotel for dogs gets tails wagging
February 24, 2011 01:37 PM ET
VINCENNES, France (Reuters Life!) - Heated pools, massage salons and a-la-carte menus are de rigueur at luxury hotels across the world but in one exclusive Paris establishment the difference is the guests: they have four legs, and enthusiastically wagging tails. | Full Article
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-- The Wisconsin Assembly has passed a GOP bill that would take away key union rights, CNN confirms.

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 Top StoriesMore Top Stories > 

No other option: The amputation happened in the rubble of the Pyne Gould Guinness building

Quake doctors amputated legs with Leatherman
A Brisbane urologist has described how he and his colleagues used a hacksaw and a utility knife to amputate the legs of a man trapped in the earthquake rubble in Christchurch.

Abbott refuses to say if he'll repeal carbon tax
Opposition Leader Tony Abbott has refused to say if he would repeal the Government's carbon tax legislation if it was implemented before the next election.

Gaddafi facing final stand in Tripoli
Key towns in Libya's west have reportedly been the scene of fierce clashes as anti-government protesters close in on dictator Moamar Gaddafi's stronghold in the capital, Tripoli.

Quake toll rises past 100
Authorities in Christchurch admit it is looking very unlikely that they will find any more earthquake survivors.

Health premiums to rise 5 per cent
Private health insurance premiums are set to rise from April, after the Government approved increases to almost all Australian health funds.


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Composite photo of Julia Gillard and Queen Elizabeth I

Carbon tax unearths Gillard's royal doppelganger
Before dawn, Julia Gillard rose. After styling her hair into a warlike, blood-red helmet (and eschewing prayers, for obvious and widely-reported reasons) she rode forth, at twenty minutes past seven, into battle; an interview with Alan Jones. Gillard has always shared some attributes with Elizabeth I, the Tudors' Virgin Queen. Lately she seems to be channelling her even more.

Liar, liar, shock jocks on fire

Indigenous Australia: Make the world take notice
The time has come for Australia's world-class medical and educational institutions to reach out, convincingly, into each and every corner of Aboriginal Australia.

Carbon pricing: where death and taxes collide
The carbon price architecture sketched by Labor and the Greens raises as many questions as it answers but one thing is clear: kicking off with a fixed price means it is born as a tax, not some quasi market-based system. The Government is terrified of the words "carbon tax", because it clearly breaks a promise made by Gillard before the last election. But there are strong arguments that a tax is better than an Emissions Trading System, if you have crossed the Rubicon that demands any response at all to the perceived threat of climate change.

Egypt, Obama, Bush and the 'freedom agenda'
Why the controversy over an American 'freedom agenda'? Has democracy promotion became so associated with Bush and the neo-cons that it is now akin to a partisan cause?


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Militants blow up 11 NATO tankers
Militants in north-western Pakistan have blown up at least 11 tankers carrying fuel for NATO troops in neighbouring Afghanistan and shot dead four people, police said.

Aussie officers hit Christchurch streets
An influx of Australian officers has landed in Christchurch to help hard-pressed local authorities with policing duties in the wake of Tuesday's devastating earthquake.

'Free' Benghazi is back in business
While anti-government protests continue in Libya's west, calm has returned to the nation's second largest city, Benghazi.


 Science & TechnologyMore Science & Technology Stories > 

DNA laws set to change
Changes to allow DNA samples to be taken from children under 10 will go before Parliament in the next few weeks.

Rain boosts dragonfly numbers
Wet summer conditions have boosted dragonfly numbers in South Australia's Riverland.

Scientists unveil new encyclopaedia on reef studies
Marine scientists will today reveal an encyclopaedia of reef studies that they believe is the most comprehensive in modern times.


 EnvironmentMore Environment Stories > 

Abbott refuses to say if he'll repeal carbon tax
Opposition Leader Tony Abbott has refused to say if he would repeal the Government's carbon tax legislation if it was implemented before the next election.

Second fruit fly found
A second fruit fly has been discovered in southern Tasmania, 50 metres from where the first fly was found last week.

Goulburn Murray Water board resigns
The entire board of Victoria's largest rural water authority, Goulburn Murray Water, has resigned.



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How Photography Shifted the Balance of the Civil Rights Movement

By Leigh Raiford

How Photography Shifted the Balance of the Civil Rights Movement

How Photography Shifted the Balance of the Civil Rights MovementTwitter and Facebook may be the civil uprising tools du jour, but they certainly weren't the first. Imprisoned in a Luminous Glare discusses how photography helped bring Southern brutalities to light and sustained the African American Civil Rights movement.

Figure i.1. (above) - Firemen blast protestors with high-pressure hoses, corner of Fifth Ave. North and 17th Street, Birmingham, Alabama, May 3, 1963. Photograph by Charles Moore. (Charles Moore/Black Star)

For nearly two weeks in early May of 1963, national and international audiences rose each morning to images of violence, confrontation, and resistance splashed across the front pages of their major newspapers. Black-and-white photographs paraded daily through the New York Times and the Washington Post depicted white police officers in Birmingham, Alabama, wielding high-powered fire hoses and training police dogs on nonviolent black and often very young protesters (figures i.1, i.2). Organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), "Project C" (for "confrontation") brought center stage the publicly unacknowledged terror, violence, and daily inequities African Americans had long suffered at the hands of white southerners. Through forced confrontations between blacks and whites, between constitutional right and segregationist practice, between the genteel, progressive image of the New South and the dehumanizing Old South reality, the thousands of men, women, and children who participated in Project C confronted a watching world with the contradictions of contemporary southern race relations. They vividly and visually challenged an entire economic and social regime of power.

A year later, SCLC's leader, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., recognized the importance of such vivid imagery in galvanizing support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. King wrote of the campaign in his book Why We Can't Wait, "The brutality with which officials would have quelled the black individual became impotent when it could not be pursued with stealth and remain unobserved. It was caught - as a fugitive from a penitentiary is often caught - in gigantic circling spotlights. It was imprisoned in a luminous glare revealing the naked truth to the whole world." For King, the visual media proved a crucial component in capturing "fugitive" brutality, holding it still for scrutiny and transmitting this "naked truth" to watching and judging audiences.

How Photography Shifted the Balance of the Civil Rights MovementFigure i.2. - William Gadsen attacked by police dogs in front of 16th Street Baptist Church, during a nonviolent protest, Birmingham, Alabama, May 3, 1963. Photograph by Bill Hudson (AP Photos/Bill Hudson)


King praises photography and film for their work of exposure, revealing through mechanical reproduction facts that had remained hidden and therefore difficult to prove. By the time King penned Why We Can't Wait, he had witnessed, deployed, and been the subject of photographs of movement events both spectacular and quotidian. He believed deeply in their power to image African Americans as U.S. citizens who, like their white counterparts, were deserving of equal treatment. Images of the broken body of Emmett Till, of whites' abuse of four African American North Carolina A&T students sitting in at a Greensboro Woolworth's lunch counter, of baseball bats and firebombs that greeted Freedom Riders in Mississippi and Alabama bus stations each reveal how vulnerable African Americans were when demonstrating for the most basic and fundamental of rights. They laid bare to nonblack audiences what African Americans of the Jim Crow era had long known, seen, and experienced. With bright enough lights and an army of cameras trained in the right direction, images were central to changing public opinion about the violent entrenchment of white supremacy in the South and that system's overdetermination of black life and possibility. The visual proved a tool as effective as bus boycotts and as righteous as nonviolence.

But white violence and black resistance are not the only captives imprisoned within the camera's luminous glare and vigilant eye. For many viewers today, almost the entirety of the civil rights movement is captured, quite literally, in the photographs of Birmingham 1963. These images have shaped and informed the ways scholars, politicians, artists, and everyday people recount, remember, and memorialize the 1960s freedom struggle specifically and movement histories generally. The use and repetition of movement photographs in contexts as varied as electoral campaigns, art exhibits, commercials, and, of course, academic histories have crystallized many of these photographs into icons, images that come to distill and symbolize a range of complex events and ideologies. These icons, in turn, become integral to processes of national, racial, and political identity formation. Even as these photographs mark movement participants' attempts to rewrite the meaning of black bodies in public space, the photographs also imprison - frame and "iconize" - images of legitimate leadership, appropriate forms of political action, and the proper place of African Americans within the national imaginary. The repeated use of many of the more recognizable photographs of African American social movements has had a "surplus symbolic value" in the work of constructing and reconstructing our collective histories. And they become guides to appropriate forms of future political action. Photographs become tools to aid memory. We are invited, expected, even demanded to recount and memorialize. To remember. But what exactly are we being asked to remember? How are we being asked to remember? And to what end?

King's apt phrase "imprisoned in a luminous glare" as metaphor for the work of the camera in African American social movements alerts us to the dialectical relationships between mass media and mass movements, photography and race, history and memory. It also suggests the tensions between captivity and fugitivity, the contradictions inherent in attempting to fix that which by its nature is mobile and mercurial. It calls attention to how mass media attempt to capture mass movements, photography tries to name and regulate "race," and history works to tame memory. The photograph in particular imposes a unitary vision and helps fix the meaning of that which it records. It provides the illusion of seeing an event in its entirety as it truly happened.

How Photography Shifted the Balance of the Civil Rights MovementFigure i.3 - Crowd watches Birmingham protests; Birmingham, Alabama, May 3, 1963. Photograph by Charles Moore. (Charles Moore/Black Star)


Just as Project C has become a touchstone of the civil rights movement, the photographs themselves have come to epitomize the power of photography in this moment. Even photographs as compelling as these cannot tell the whole story, cannot imprison all. One method of reading images would have us turn to the blurry figures appearing at the edges of the Project C photographs, Birmingham's other black youths (figure i.3). Not so properly attired or as well-behaved, these young, poor men and women refused to participate in the nonviolent actions that captured the world's attention.

They were less interested in the desegregation of public spaces than in economic equity. In the photographs we might catch them with their arms folded, intransigent witnesses. But outside the picture's frame they threw bottles and shouted obscenities at Bull Connor's police force. Subsequently, they were disciplined by the Birmingham police, by the organizers of Project C, and by the photographic frame that excised them from the documentary evidence of those events. The now-iconic photographs from Birmingham 1963, as noted by King, imprison Jim Crow order; yet what remains elusive in this framing is the expansive expressions of black political desire, constantly changing and evolving over the course of the twentieth century.


How Photography Shifted the Balance of the Civil Rights Movement

From IMPRISONED IN A LUMINOUS GLARE: PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE AFRICAN AMERICAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE by Leigh Raiford. Copyright © 2011 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. www.uncpress.unc.edu

Leigh Raiford is associate professor of African American studies at the University of California, Berkeley.

Imprisoned in a Luminous Glare: Photography and the African American Freedom Struggle is available from Amazon.com

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